Further, connecting “justice,” “mercy,” and “promise,” Ambrosiaster says of the phrase as it appears in Rom 3:21: That is said to be God’s justice which seems to be his mercy, because it is rooted in his promise.… And when he welcomes those who take refuge in him, it is said to be justice, because not to welcome those who seek refuge is iniquity.4 Augustine, however, writing during the final decade of the fourth century and the first three decades of the fifth (i.e., from 391 until his death in 430),